![]() Transplanted multipotential neural precursor cells migrate into the inflamed white matter in response to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 17, 77–86.īen-Hur, T., Einstein, O., Mizrachi-Kol, R., Ben-Menachem, O., Reinhartz, E., Karussis, D., & Abramsky, O. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in multiple sclerosis. Adult stem cell therapy for stroke: Challenges and progress. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induce Th2-polarized immune response and promote endogenous repair in animal models of multiple sclerosis. Hepatocyte growth factor mediates mesenchymal stem cell-induced recovery in multiple sclerosis models. ![]() Hematopoietic stem cell therapy for multiple sclerosis: Top 10 lessons learned. Molecular Neurobiology, 55, 642.Ītkins, H. Direct conversion of somatic cells into induced neurons. ![]() Neuroprotective effect of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursors in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis SVZ:Īharonowiz, M., Einstein, O., Fainstein, N., Lassmann, H., Reubinoff, B., & Ben-Hur, T. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis SCT: Induced oligodendrocyte progenitor cell iPSC: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation IDO: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor GWAS: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisĪutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation APC:Įxperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis EDSS:.Finally, future prospects of stem cell therapy for MS are addressed. We also discuss challenges including those associated with administration route, immune responses to grafted cells, integration of these cells to existing neural circuits, and risk of tumor growth. In this chapter, we overview cell sources and applications of the stem cell therapy for treatment of MS. The results of ongoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell therapy studies, with the advantage of peripheral administration to the patients, have suggested that cell replacement therapy is also a feasible option for immunomodulatory treatment of MS. A wide variety of preclinical studies, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS, have recently shown that grafted cells with different origins including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural precursor and stem cells, and induced-pluripotent stem cells have the ability to repair CNS lesions and to recover functional neurological deficits. Thus, the cell replacement therapy approach that aims to overcome neuronal cell loss and remyelination failure and to increase endogenous myelin repair capacity is considered as an alternative treatment option. Therefore, the efficiency of current immunosuppression-based therapies of MS is too low, and emerging disease-modifying immunomodulatory agents such as fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate cannot stop progressive neurodegenerative process. Although recent evidence suggests that MS relapses are induced by environmental and exogenous triggers such as viral infections in a genetic background, its very complex pathogenesis is not completely understood. It is characterized by demyelination and neuronal loss that is induced by attack of autoreactive T cells to the myelin sheath and endogenous remyelination failure, eventually leading to functional neurological disability. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS).
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